[an error occurred while processing this directive]GROSS ANATOMY[an error occurred while processing this directive]

1. Which is NOT characteristic of the anatomical position:
A. eyes facing forward
B. palms facing backward
C. body is erect
D. toes directed forward
E. upper limbs by the side
2. The median sagittal plane divides the body :
A. right and left halves
B. superior and inferior portions
C. caudal and cephalic portions
D. anterior and posterior portions
E. anterior and ventral portions
3. There are three axis of the body. They are:
A.cephalic/plantar, superior/inferior, and ventral/dorsal
B.anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, and lateral/medial
C.superior/inferior, lateral/median, and lateral/lateral
D.ventral/dorsal, anterior/posterior, and lateral/ medial
E.superior/inferior, ventral/dorsal, and lateral/lateral
4. In facial nerve paralysis, food often collects between the teeth and cheek. In addition, there is an inability to whistle. Which of the following muscles is involved:
A.risorius muscle
B.zygomatic major muscle
C.depressor labii inferioris muscle
D.levator labii superioris muscle
E.buccinator muscle
5. In an emergency, when there is a blockage at the laryngeal inlet, the BEST site to make an incision in order to establish an alternate airway is at the:
A.laryngeal notch
B.thyreohyoid membrane
C.cricothyroid membrane
D.thyroid cartilage
E.tracheal cartilage
6. On a cold, drafty night, a middle-aged truck driver fell asleep close to an open window. When he woke in the morning, the left side of his face was immobile and without expression, all wrinkles had disappeared on his left forehead, and his left nasolabial fold appeared less distinct as compared to the right fold. His left eyebrow was drooping and his left lower eyelid was sagging. He was unable to close the left eye. The patient could not purse his lips tightly, whistle, or puff out his cheeks. His mouth was drier than usual and he could barely taste food. Such signs and symptoms would involve which of the following nerves:
A. the lesser petrosal nerve
B. the greater petrosal nerve
C. the chorda tympani nerve
D. the lingual nerve
E. the vagus nerve
7. A sixty-year old construction worker was admitted to the hospital with severe shortness of breath (dyspnea) and great difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). The patient states he has suffered increased difficulty and pain in swallowing for over six months, has subsisted on a liquid diet and lost thirty pounds. His sputum is blood-tinged and for the last few weeks he has become hoarse. A radiographic examination of his chest reveals a widening of the mediastinum and fluoroscopy shows obstruction of the esophagus at the tracheal bifurcation. The diagnosis was found to be cancer of the esophagus with obstruction and metastatic involvement of surrounding posterior mediastinal structures. Blood in the sputum signifies erosion of the esophageal wall. Arterial vessels supplying the esophagus at this level arise from the:
A.brachiocephalic artery
B.thoracic aorta
C.internal thoracic artery
D.intercostal arteries
E.thoracoepigastric artery
8. Examination of a heart reveals an old and a new area of damage (infarction) caused by occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The damage is in the:
A. right atrium and right ventricle
B. left atrium and left ventricle
C. left auricle and interventricular septum
D. apex of the heart
E. pulmonary artery
9. A mistakenly inhaled object will most likely be located in the:
A. left lower lobar bronchus
B. left main (primary) bronchus
C. left superior segmental bronchus
D. right main (primary) bronchus
E. right segmental bronchus
10. Which abdominal structure gives rise to (is continuous with) the external spermatic fascia following descent of the testes during development:
A.external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
B.transversalis fascia
C.transversus abdominis muscle
D.peritoneum
E.internal abdominal oblique
11. The numerous small lobules of fat enclosed in peritoneum around the large intestine are called:
A.haustra coli
B. tenia coli
C.epiploic appendages
D. tenia omentalis
E. colic pylori
12. Inflammation of the gallbladder may present with a symptom of pain in the skin of the triangles of the neck. The anatomical basis for this "referred pain" is:
A.parasympathetic fibers from the gallbladder and neck viscera all enter the central nervous system at upper thoracic levels
B.parasympathetic fibers from the gallbladder ascend to the cervical spinal cord to enter the central nervous system
C.sensory endings in the parietal peritoneum of the diaphragm are stimulated by contact with the diseased gallbladder and the afferent impulses are conducted in the phrenic nerve (C3-C5). The pain is sensed over the mid-cervical dermatome region
D. the wide distribution of the vagus nerve accounts for this referred pain. The vagus conducts pain impulses from all of the head, neck, thorax, and most of the abdomen
E. the anatomical basis for referred pain is unknown
13. Primary support for the uterus is derived from the:
A.lateral (transverse) cervical ligaments
B.pubocervical ligaments
C.sacrocervical ligaments
D. round ligament of the uterus
E. broad ligament
14. The striated muscular component which is a portion of the pelvic diaphragm whose bundles makes a loop just behind the junction between the rectum and anus is the:
A.sphincter ani internus muscle
B.corrugation cutis ani muscle
C.sphincter externus muscle
D.puborectalis muscle
E.rectococcygeus muscle
15. All of the following structures exit the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen EXCEPT the:
A.piriformis muscle
B.superior gluteal vessels
C.internal pudendal vessels
D.obturator internus muscle
E.inferior gluteal vessels
16. Which of the following ligaments would prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column:
A.anterior longitudinal ligament
B.posterior longitudinal ligament
C.ligamentum flava
D.iliofemoral ligament
E.interspinous ligament
17. An abnormal curvature in the lumbar region of the back is called:
A.scoliosis
B. a primary curvature
C. a secondary curvature
D.lordosis
E.kyphosis
18. Which of the following innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle:
A. dorsal rami of spinal nerves
B. spinal accessory nerve
C. dorsal scapular nerve
D. C3 + C4
E.suprascapular nerve
19. One of the anatomy professors tutored first year medical students too late one night and fell asleep with his right upper limb hanging over the back of a chair. The next morning he exhibited wrist drop, numbness along the posterior limb and poor hand grip. which nerve was temporarily injured:
A. ulnar nerve
B. radial nerve
C.musculocutaneous nerve
D. median nerve
E.accessory nerve
20. Damage to which nerve would result in an inability to the extend wrist:
A. radial nerve
B. ulnar nerve
C. median nerve
D.musculocutaneous nerve
E.axillary nerve
21. In a fracture of the clavicle, the lateral fragment is displaced downward. This is due to the pull of the:
A. upper limb
B.trapezius muscle
C.pectoralis major muscle
D.sternocleidomastoid mucle
E.subclavius muscle
22. Anterior tibial syndrome (a form of shin splints) is due primarily to compression of the arterial supply by swelling of the muscles within this myofascial compartment. The affected vessel is the:
A.peroneal artery
B.anterior tibial artery
C.posterior tibial artery
D.popliteal artery
E.dorsalis pedis artery
23. Pott's Fracture involves a fracture of the fibula 4-7 cm. proximal to the lateral malleolus and rupture of the deltoid ligament or avulsion of the medial malleolus. This condition is most likely produced by forced:
A.plantar flexion
B.dorsiflexion
C.eversion
D.inversion
E.lateral rotation
24. A 38-year old woman is escorted to your office by a work supervisor from a factory two blocks away. The woman relates that she was, "Ran into by a !!**!! fork-lift operator while on the job." Your examination of this patient reveals: 1) a loss of sensation on the dorsum of the left foot; 2) dorsiflexion against resistance is not possible; 3) inversion at the subtalar joint in the left limb. Your diagnosis is trauma to the:
A. common peroneal nerve at the fibular neck
B. deep peroneal nerve at the ankle
C. deep peroneal nerve near its origin
D.superficial peroneal nerve on the dorsum of the foot
E.sciatic nerve at the mid-thigh region
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